Vsscompliant production volumes refer to cocoa produced in compliance with one or more vsss. Pdf economic analysis of cocoa production in ghana. Statistics on childrens work and education children age percent. Best agricultural practices, biological hotspots, cacao, chocolate, cocoa. In 2011, ghanas lightcrop cocoa harvest, which produces smaller beans, more than doubled to 97,965 metric tons in the 12 weeks of the season to sept. Since its establishment in 1947, the ghana cocoa board cocobod has worked hard to sustain the cocoa industry in ghana. In the 20023 cropyear, ghana was the second largest cocoa producer following cote divoire, with a share of 16% of world production icco 2004. Cocobod ghana cocoa board, cocoa production, processing. In addition to sourcing cocoa beans and cocoa derivatives directly for export, in 2015 the company took over a grinding factory in tema, previously belonging to niche cocoa industry. Unsustainable forest management in ghana has led to a reduction of forest cover by almost half since 2000, leading to growing costs of natural resource degradation and the developmental threat of climate change. Nonproductive cocoa area is assumed to be used for food production as inkind income. Cocoa producer price increased share of cocoa in gdp rose from 4. There appears to be scope to improve the efficiency of the marketing board and service delivery, and. Research and funding is overseen by cocobod, the state marketing board.
Pdf cocoa theobroma cacao lineus has remained a valuable crop. A history of mismanagement p46 1 the cocoa sector until 2000 p46 2 mismanagement and unrest in the cocoa sector p47 2. Drivers of productivity growth in ghanas cocoa sector marcella vigneri overseas development institute london production, markets, and the future of smallholders the role of cocoa in ghana accra november 19, 2007. Ghana has the lowest rainfall amount of all cocoa producing countries ruf and zadi 1998. Touton is one of the top five cocoa bean buyers in ghana. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghanas reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its.
Cocoa production assumed commercial dimension by the beginning of the nineteenth century in ghana. In 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 812 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. It asks in what ways are gpngvcs bearers of gender transformation, and. Cocoa production and real producer prices, 19962005. Strengthening the competitiveness of cocoa production and. The ghana cocoa board cocobod is one of the largest public institutions in. Sharecropping arrangements in cocoa production in ghana. Latest news from the icco cocoa producing and cocoa. Since then the ecological system of the cocoa plant, people involved in its management and their profit motives have been interwoven. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghanas cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. Creating opportunities for young people in ghanas cocoa. An estimated 800,000 families cultivate and market cocoa on 1. Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation system. Ghanas cocoa production grew an average of 16% between 200003.
Abidjan, 6 march 2020 the international cocoa organization today releases its first forecasts for the 201920 cocoa year and revised estimates of world production, grindings and stocks of cocoa beans for 201819 cocoa year. Public expenditure on agriculture in ghana was relatively low in this period, particularly for the noncocoa sector, but nevertheless had a positive effect. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. Assessment of climate change impacts on cocoa production. Production and supply 3 chapter 1 cocoa production 5 cocoa growing 5 main factors in cocoa production 5 smallholder farming 7 weather and disease 7 sustainable production 8 main producing countries 9 cote divoire 10 ghana 10 indonesia 11 nigeria 12 brazil 12 cameroon ecuador 14 malaysia 14 box 1 varieties of cocoa 5 box 2 bean types 6. This study focuses on the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa exporter in the world. The sad story of ghanas cocoa industry and the way forward. As presented in figure 1, annual cocoa bean output in the. Proposal for enabling investment in cocoa processing.
Assessment of incentives for mainstreaming sustainable cocoa production. The 201920 ivory coast cocoa crop is forecast at 2,140 thousand tonnes, down about 15 thousand from a year earlier. Notwithstanding the disincentives, production has increased in most years due to high. The role of cocoa in economywide growth production increased from 395,000 mt in 2000 to 740,000 mt in 2005 and cocoa producer price increased share of cocoa in gdp rose from 4. The company trades about 100,000 mt of ordinary cocoa each year through the ghana cocoa board cocobod.
This manual together with the pretested and revised. Vsscompliant cocoa accounted for at least 29 per cent of total cocoa production in 2016 figure 1. Olam cocoa is a founding member of cocoaaction and, in convening the cocoa sector to align complementary roles and responsibilities, leverage scale and efficiency through collaboration, and catalyse efforts to accelerate sustainability, we are a key participant in the focused work. In view of the sustainability of cocoa production in ghana, many activities are. A guide to trade practices international trade centre.
The cocoa plant ecosystem in ghana has been performing well under variable soil and. The ghana co coa board cocobod is one of the biggest public institutions in ghana and its subsidiaries are major actors in the production process of cocoa. Cocoa has a long production cycle, far longer than many other tropical crops, and new hybrid varieties need over five years to come into production, and a further 10 to 15 years for the tree to reach its full bearing potential. Ivorian cocoa production alone in 20162017 was 600,000 tonnes higher than just three years before a 40% increase at the country level, amounting to 15% of total global production 3. While land tenure is not viewed as a major obstacle to cocoa farming, farmers reported lack of legal. World cocoa production is expected to increase this year in ghana, brazil, nigeria, cameroon, and ecuador. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Cocoa production is an integral part of the rural economy in ghana. Cocoa production has been increasing at a rate of almost 4% a year since the mid1980s. The cocoa industry in ghana is fully controlled by the government of ghana, which operates a monopoly over the purchase and export of cocoa beans through the ghana cocoa board cocobod. Cbi market intelligence product factsheet cocoa in the united kingdom 2 introduction the united kingdom uk is the seventh largest importer of cocoa beans in europe, with 99% of all cocoa bean imports coming from two developing countries, ivory coast and ghana.
Possible causes of increased production global production of cocoa has risen significantly in the previous years. Ivorian cocoa production alone in 20162017 was 600,000 tonnes higher than just three years before a 40% increase at the country level, amounting to 15% of total global production3. Cocoa plant, people and profit in ghana intechopen. Cocoa manuala source book for sustainable cocoa production. Ghana has a clear competitive advantage in cocoa production 2 cocoa makes up a larger production supply than all other crops 3 the cocoa industry is the source of income and livelihood for about 25 percent of ghana s population 1 4 the cocoa sector receives vast government support the cocoa sector is ghana s economic backbone. Ghana is the worlds third largest producer figure 1 and the second largest exporter of cocoa beans after cote divoire figure 2. During that same period, it was transplanted to fiji, madagascar, samoa, singapore, and.
The cocoa industry in ghana is regulated by a government institute called cocobod. In ghana the cocoa production has steadily risen from 300,000 tons in 1995 to 900,000 tons in 2014. Ghanaians involved in cocoa production in ghana out of total. The majority 72% do not have formal documents covering their land.
Global cocoa production trend 2008 to 201610,20 note. Assessment of climate change impacts on cocoa production and. At this rate of growth, labor demand has been increasing. Creating opportunities for young people in ghanas cocoa sector. Cocoa production in ghana amanda berlan coventry business school, coventry university, coventry, uk final version received february 20 abstract based on historical sources and ethnographic fieldwork in ghana, the article presents child labour in cocoa communities as the outcome of a complex myriad of microlevel factors. Soon after that the country became the worlds leading producer of cocoa. Ghana production is also an indicator of the vulnerability of cocoa producers. Thus, if the present trend of the decline in trees on cocoa.
Proposal for enabling investment in cocoa processing plants. Conventional production volumes do not comply with any existing vss. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghanas main cash crop. The action plan commits a combined usd 17 million over ten years to build capacity in cocoa growing communities and to increase efforts to reduce the worst forms of child labor in cocoa production in ghana and cdi by 70 percent by 2020. Apr 23, 2020 in 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 812 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. Mofa, cocobod, ghana statistical service, fao and other written documents such as. Projects on sustainable cocoa production in ghana related to forests. Growth in the cocoa labor demand has been rapid in recent years. Cocoa is the most important agricultural export crop for ghana as it delivers 30% of the countrys total export earnings asantepoku and angelucci, 20.
Cocobod is tasked with managing the export and internal marketing of cocoa beans, agricultural research. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vo. A shippers manual 1990, was a collaborating author and contributed essential material. This paper develops a gender production network analysis to inform a comparative examination of gender production relations in cocoa. The case of eastern region article pdf available in custos e agronegocio 111.
Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana food and. Robin dand, specialist in cocoa logistics and author of several publications, including itcs cocoa. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghana s cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. Ghanas cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities and valuables. Ghana has a clear competitive advantage in cocoa production 2 cocoa makes up a larger production supply than all other crops 3 the cocoa industry is the source of income and livelihood for about 25 percent of ghanas population 1 4 the cocoa sector receives vast government support the cocoa sector is ghanas economic backbone. It has been estimated that 25 to 30% of the population of ghana depends on the cocoa sector for their livelihood. Cocobod was established with a mission to encourage and facilitate the production, processing and marketing of premium quality cocoa, coffee and shea nut in all forms in the most efficient and cost effective manner and maintain best mutual industrial relations with its workers. Scheu, former chief executive officer of the cocoa merchants association of america, inc. Importance of cocoa cocoa is a cash crop grown throughout the humid tropics with about 6. Mar 06, 2020 abidjan, 31 may 2019the international cocoa organization today releases its revised forecasts for the current 201819 cocoa year and revised estimates of world production, grindings and stocks of cocoa beans for 201718, as summarized below. Children in ghana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Recommendations p6 1 to president gbagbo and the ivorian government p6 2 to the cocoa institutions p6 3 to the forces nouvelles fn p6 4 to the governments of neighbouring countries, in particular burkina faso, togo.
Based on the study, researchers recommend that the ghana cocoa board cocobod intensifies its efforts in. The role of cocoa in ghanas growth and poverty reduction. However, its modern constitution and mandate reflects the modern trends in the. Ghanas 201920 cocoa crop is projected at 855 thousand tonnes, about 45 thousand. The trend in cocoa production when technology remains unchanged is a very good indicator of changes in total labor demand within the sector. To assist cocoa farmers to minimize the damaging effect of the dry weather on cocoa production, cocobod is initiating different systems of irrigation programmes on cocoa farms. Although cocoa has been cultivated for centuries in central america, it is a relative newcomer to africa, and even more recent in asia. Cocoa, by comparison, has long been one of the countrys main cash crops, with much of production destined for export. Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation. The country ranked 8th, 9th and 7th in cocoa butter export in 2005, 2006 and 2009, respectively, while cocoa paste exports have decreased to such a level that ghana was no longer ranked among the top 9 exporters of cocoa paste worldwide in 2008 and 2009, although between 2005 and 2007, ghana ranked in the 3rd or 4th position. Drivers of productivity growth in ghanas cocoa sector. Cocoa production occurs in the countrys forested areas. It all starts with the cocoa farmers working with them to transform production on the ground level. Ghana s 201920 cocoa crop is projected at 855 thousand tonnes, about 45 thousand.
Ghana cocoa board cocobod the ghana cocoa board established in 1947 has had a long history of overseeing the cocoa sector of ghana. It has undergone various transformations since the cocoa industry became established. Being primarily a cash crop, cocoa does not contribute much to the nutritional aspects of food security. Signatories to the declaration committed to the goal of reducing the wfcl in cocoa growing areas of cote divoire and ghana by 70 percent in aggregate by the year 2020. Harkinengel protocol, including the formation of the child labor cocoa coordinating group clccg. The uk has a large bulk bean processing industry for well. Drivers of cocoa production growth in ghana overseas.
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